Like other modern South Asian ethnic groups claiming Middle Eastern roots, the Baloch assert that they are descended from Amir Hamza, a paternal uncle of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. At certain times, the Scythians and Kushans also held political sway on parts of Balochistan controlling it through local governors called Satraps. Salvas were ancient people who migrated from west through Baluchistan and Sindh where they left traces in the form of Śālvakāgiri, the present Hala mountain, and then advancing towards north Sauvira and along the Saraswati and finally settled in north Rajasthan.īalochistan occupies the southeastern-most portion of the Iranian Plateau, the site of the earliest known farming settlements in the pre- Indus Valley Civilization era, the earliest of which was Mehrgarh, dated at 7000 BC.īefore the arrival of Islam in the 7th Century, Balochistan was ruled by the Paratarajas a Parthian dynasty representing the House of Suren. Shalva may coincide with the territory extending from Alwar to north Bikaner. It was confined to limited geographical horizon in the central and north eastern Punjab. Agrawala writes that Ashtadhyayi of Panini mentions janapada Sālva (शाल्व) (IV.2.135). The name Balochistan means "the land of the Baloch" in many regional languages. The main ethnic groups in the province are Baloch, Pashtuns and Brahuis, and there are relatively smaller communities of Iranian Baloch, Hazaras, Sindhis and other settlers, including Punjabis, Uzbeks, and Turkmens. The southern part of Balochistan is known as Makran. All natives are considered Balochi even if they do not speak Balochi Pashto, Persian, and Brahui languages are also spoken in the region. The area is named after the numerous Baloch (or Baluch, Balouch, Balooch, Balush, Balosh, Baloosh, Baloush) tribes, an Iranian people, who moved into the area from the west around 1000 A.D. The British and other historic empires have crossed the region to invade Afghanistan by this route. It is situated in a river valley near the Bolan Pass, which has been used as the route of choice from the coast to Central Asia, entering through Afghanistan's Kandahar region.
The capital city Quetta is located in a densely populated portion of the Sulaiman Mountains in the north-east of the province.
Its geographical location has placed the otherwise desolate region in the scope of competing global interests for all of recorded history. Balochistan lies at the mouth of the Strait of Hormuz and provides the shortest route from seaports to Central Asia. It borders the geopolitical regions of the Middle East and Southwest Asia, Central Asia and South Asia. Quetta is the capital and largest city of Balochistan.īalochistan is located on the south-eastern part of the Iranian plateau. 6 Visit of Langala by Xuanzang in 641 ADīalochistan province is bordered by Afghanistan to the north and north-west, Iran to the south-west, the Arabian Sea to the south, Punjab and Sindh to the east, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Federally Administered Tribal Areas to the north-east.
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